Boudica’s last battle – the possibilities compared

Introduction by Bob Trubshaw

Generations of schoolkids have been brought up on the fateful battle of Boadicea against the Roman army. Modern historians would prefer to spell her name Boudica – which means ‘Victoria’ in British Celtic languages – but they have little evidence to offer for the site of the fateful encounter. Nevertheless, a number of suggestions have been put forward. At the beginning of this year, as a result of helpful ‘intervention’ by Philip Heselton, I was approached by Broc Beag who had discovered little-known references to Boudica’s last battle being in north Wales. This is mostly nineteenth century antiquarian speculation and much of the ‘evidence’ relies on regarding bronze age burial mounds and Anglo-Saxon cross shafts as contemporary with the Roman invasion but, nevertheless, suggests that there is a deep-rooted local tradition for Boudica’s battle being in this vicinity.

Colocynthus

by Anja Heij

 
This remedy is made of the bitter cucumber. The pure tincture of this cucumber causes a spasmodic cramping of all organs within the belly.
Anger and indignation, fury together with irritation can result in heavy, very painful colic, that can only be endured by lying double or by exercising heavy pressure against the painful body-parts. Mostly these heavy colic pains will affect the belly, like menstruation pains, intestine colic, gallstone colic or kidneystone colic. During these attacks people bend double, having the feeling as if two stones are being rubbed against each other in their belly. They are extremely irritable, angry and offended.